See chronology of Christmas 2003 pollution from Vreba-Hoff manure application

Dec. 3 - VanderHoff Haley manure pit overflows at the production area. Liquid manure enters a catch-basin and drains through tile to Rice Lake Drain, Haley Rd.  Black water flows in Rice Lake Drain leading to Bear Creek in the River Raisin Watershed.

Oct. 15 -- after 1" of rain, animal wastes flowing in several Bean Creek tributaries. Mericam CAFO applied manure in the rain. The Bennett Drain, just downstream, was flowing dark brown with strong manure odor. The wetland on Dillon Hwy at Vreba-Hoff was flowing fast, black water, with Dissolved Oxygen at dead-zone levels, 2.28mg/L.

      
  black water and DO reading at wetland, Dillon Hwy, 10-15-03

September-- Michigan DEQ files suit against Vreba-Hoff for "unlawfully discharging agricultural wastes to waters of the state from its two facilities." DEQ asks Vreba-Hoff to construct a waste treatment system -- this is a first and major step towards cleaning up CAFOs, cleaning up our streams, and stopping contaminated liquid manure from entering field tiles, drains, and waterways.  DEQ is requesting that the court require Vreba-Hoff to "thoroughly evaluate the design and management of its agricultural operations and make the necessary changes, including a potential reduction in livestock, to eliminate illegal discharges to waters of the state."
See full DEQ press release: http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135--75227--,00.html

Sept. 19 --19 days of excessive stench and flies with no relief, along Beecher and Cadmus Roads west of Bakerlads dairy.  This facility has sprayed thick, liquid manure since Labor Day-- including on Labor Day --and almost every day since without turning it under. 
      
flies on inside of car roof, near Bakerlads, 9-3-03  ;        flies in jar, after 10 days at picnic area, Beecher Rd, near Bakerlads. 9-18-03

week of Sept 15 -- extreme odor along US-127 south of Hudson, near Vreba-Hoff manure application
Sept.12 -- manure odor/emissions from field application in several areas -- stench in Hudson;along US-127 south of Hudson; and in vicinity of Dillon Hwy/Medina Rd
Labor Day weekend: excessive flies and stench, after liquid manure application west of Morey Hwy, north of Cadmus Rd. 
Aug 27:stench along Plank Rd near Hughes Hwy
week of Aug 18: horrendous stench along Cadmus Rd east of Hudson, between Posey Lake Hwy & Morey Hwy (and 2 miles north, south, east, west, depending which way the wind's blowing). Hartland Farms applied liquid manure on Cadmus Rd property.

Aug 2- this weekend, Vreba-Hoff 2 illegally discharged the millions of gallons of contaminated stormwater (see below, April-May) by opening an in-line water strucutre during rains.  All the contaminated water flowed into the Bean Creek Watershed.  DEQ reports that the facility will be cited for a discharge violation and fined.

July 9 -- after moderate rains in early July, liquid manure is discharging at several sites, including an inlet to Durfee Lake, and South Medina Drain, where the water looks very foul, a reddish-brown color.

South Medina Drain, July 9, 2003

June 12 -- rain brings many discharges, at sampling sites throughout the area, with extremely high E. coli bacteria counts: Bear Creek at Beecher -- 21,780; Rice Lake Drain -- 20,790.

June 10, 2003 -- Another manure discharge from Jelsma/Mericam
After application of liquid manure to CRP ground (not allowed), manure enters field tiles and discharges through Timma Drain to Lime Creek (Bean/Tiffin Watershed).  DEQ found DO levels in Timma Drain at 0.9mg/L.  2 weeks later, Mericam applied liquid manure on the same field!

May 9, 2003 -- After 1" of rain overnight, and rains earlier in the week, the contaminated stormwater illegally impounded at Vreba-Hoff 2 facility overflows the temporary dikes and discharges to Lime Lake. DEQ inspects the site, but so far no action has been taken (except more dikes) to protect our watershed and the public health.  People will soon be putting in docks at Lime Lake, and swimming.  When will DEQ demand removal of this contaminated water and removal of the temporary dikes? 

April 19, 2003 -- Vreba-Hoff cited, fined for multiple violations. See list. Millions of gallons of contaminated stormwater were impounded for months around the Vreba-Hoff 2 dairy CAFO (see photos below).  This facility lies upslope and less than 1/2 mi. from Lime Lake.  The inlets to Lime Lake tested at extremely high levels of E. coli (35,640/100ml at one site; 25,740 at another on March 18).    (Aerial photos taken March 27, 2003)

Vreba-Hoff 2 facility, US-127 south of Hudson, surrounded by contaminated stormwater (above),looking north; and looking south towards Lime Lake (below)

The American Public Health Association (APHA) has issued a resolution urging federal, state, and local government health agencies to impose a precautionary moratorium on all new Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). Pollution, health, and economic impacts cited as reasons for a moratorium. (see APHA document)

Feedlot runoff disrupts reproductive systems of wild fish - important findings in a study by The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, just published in Environmental Health Perspectives (Dec 2003). "Responding to the growth of concentrated animal feeding operations and the pollutants present in their wastewater (e.g., nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and hormones), the US EPA developed a new rule that tightens regulation of these operations. In this study, we collected wild fathead minnows exposed to feedlot effluent and observed significant alterations in their reproductive biology," including demasculinized male fish. Details and full article available at http://www.ehponline.org/

March 2-15, 2003 -- Liquid manure applied to frozen ground has been running off fields, pouring into streams. We've seen massive contamination in three watersheds these two weeks -- 5 more confirmed discharges.  DEQ E. coli samples at one site on March 4 reached the highest levels yet: 1,340,000/100 ml (more than 1,300 times the acceptable level).  None of the pollution was contained -- it all flowed downstream into the St. Joseph River, the River Raisin, or the Bean/Tiffin River to Lake Erie.

 
3-2-03, manure flow in Toad Creek just reaching culvert; and 3-8-03 downstream--- Mericam Dairy. After application to frozen ground, Coman Rd (Wright Twp, Hillsdale County), manure ponded overnight in the field, then drained across neighbor's property to Farnam County Drain and directly into Toad Creek, the major tributary of Lime Creek in the Bean/Tiffin watershed.  click for video

March 2003 -- More violations from Vreba-Hoff lead to DEQ Administrative Consent Order (ACO), with $3,100 civil fine and stipulated penalties for future discharges.

February 2003 -- Vreba-Hoff finally fined!  After multiple illegal discharges to the Bean Creek Watershed, the State of Michigan fined Vreba-Hoff 1 (Dillon Hwy, Medina Twp) and Vreba-Hoff 2 (US-127, Wright Twp) $15,000 each, and stipulated penalties of $2,500 each for any additional violations. In addition, the two operations will be required to reimburse state costs, construct silage runoff control systems, and Vreba-Hoff 1 will be required to remediate a swale and wetland contaminated by silage leachate.
Sunday, March 9, 2003 -- Runoff of manure from fields, into drains and streams, continues. Six industrial dairies applied liquid manure to frozen ground in recent weeks -- pollution flows to streams today from all those applications. Here are just a few photos:

  
(above) most foul-smelling of all locations, Rice Lake Drain, Haley Rd;Bovee Drain, Whaley Rd
 
Toad Creek, Coman Rd; and manure flow inside catch-basin, Drain 261 to Toad Creek

Saturday, March 8, 2003 -- very warm during the afternoon, 40 degrees.  Massive runoff of liquid manure from frozen fields.

liquid manure from field off photo at left, flowing onto neighbor's property and into catch-basin (center front, in snow) for Miller Drain, which flows to South Branch of River Raisin.

Friday, March 7, 2003 -- weather is warming slightly.  Most streams are still solid ice, but some drains downstream from fields where liquid manure was applied are flowing brown.

 
Bear Creek, Hughes Hwy(left); tributary of South Branch of River Raisin (right)

Wednesday, March 5, 2003 --all sites had water discoloration, manure odor

Liquid manure applied to frozen ground is flowing today, both overland and through tile inlets to county drains and streams. The awful manure discharge into Toad Creek on Sunday looks like just the beginning.  ECCSCM Pollution Watch volunteers observed at least 5 illegal discharges today. There is clearly visible pollution of streams in 3 watersheds -- Lime Creek, Durfee Creek, and Toad Creek in the Bean/Tiffin watershed; Bear Creek in the River Raisin watershed; and a tributary of the East Branch of the St. Joe in the St. Joseph River watershed.

  
(above) pulled/blown tile plug US127, drains to Fisher Lake (Bean/Tiffin); Tamarack drain downstream from liquid manure application (East Branch of St. Joseph River)

 
(above) Aftermath of Sunday's huge manure flow to Toad Creek (Bean/Tiffin).  This field shows ponded manure draining to Toad Creek through a county drain--left, bales pulled this morning, allowing more contamination to reach Toad Creek; right, bales replaced this afternoon on order of Hillsdale County Drain Commission.

       
(above) Durfee Creek at Packard (Bean/Tiffin); Durfee Extension at Dillon Hwy (Bean/Tiffin);


3-13-03, manure runoff to catch-basin on Donnelly Rd, drain to Fisher Lake (Medina Twp, Lenawee Co.) -- Vreba-Hoff 2

Other field locations with massive runoff to drains and streams:
Bothwell & Packard Rds, to Bean Creek -- Vreba-Hoff 2 DEQ-confirmed discharge
Acker Rd, to Durfee Lake -- Vreba-Hoff 2
Tuttle & Tamarack Rds, to East Branch of St. Joseph River -- Vreba-Hoff 2
Ingall Hwy, to Medina Drain and Bean Creek -- Vreba-Hoff 1 DEQ-confirmed discharge
Dillon Hwy, to Durfee Creek and Lime Creek -- Vreba-Hoff 1
Forrister Rd, to Hazen Creek -- New Flevo
Hughes Hwy, to Henning Drain and Bear Creek-- Hartland Farms